For most of the nuclear age, the ability to characterize the operating environment, detect nuclear and conventional strategic attacks, and discern real attacks from false alarms has been viewed as a benefit to crisis stability. In conventional conflicts with non-nuclear adversaries, information dominance, much like air superiority, has been a fundamental component of precision warfare and a central feature of American conventional military superiority in the post-Cold War period. Throughout this period, the United States has enjoyed the benefits of information dominance and the asymmetric advantage it offered. In fact, information dominance has been essential to ensuring U.S. military effectiveness, sustaining the credibility and assurance of military alliances, and stabilizing or reducing the risks of miscalculation or collateral damage.44 Similarly, at the nuclear level, by improving the accuracy and timeliness of warning, improving overall visibility and clarity on adversary actions, and increasing decision time, enhanced situational awareness and strategic warning seemed to reduce the risk of nuclear miscalculation and the use-it-or-lose-it pressures that could incentivize a nuclear first strike.
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